The Iron Maiden remains one of the most notorious torture contraptions of all time, but contrary to popular belief, it was never actually used in the Middle Ages at all.
The Print Collector / Getty ImagesA wood block print of an Iron Maiden being used in a torment room .
The Iron Maiden is perhaps one of the most recognisable gothic torture devices of all metre , thanks in large part to its gibbousness in films , television show , and cartoons likeScooby - Doo . As far as torture equipment go , though , the Iron Maiden is really quite wide-eyed .
It is a human - shaped boxful , decorated on the inside with improbably sharp spikes that would , presumably , transfix through the dupe on either side when the box was shut out . But the spike were not long enough to wipe out a person outright — rather , they were unforesightful and placed in such a mode that the victim would pass away a slow and agonizing destruction , bleeding out over time .
The Print Collector/Getty ImagesA woodcut print of an Iron Maiden being used in a torture room.
At least , that was the idea . Except , the Iron Maiden was n’t amedieval torturing deviceat all .
The first written book of facts to the Iron Maiden did n’t seem until the late 1700s , long after the Middle Ages had come to an end . And while torture most sure as shooting existed during the Middle Ages , many historian have argued that chivalric torture was much simpler than late accounts would imply .
Many Medieval Torture Devices Weren’t Actually Medieval
There ’s a widely - harbor whimsy that the Middle Ages were an uncivilized prison term in chronicle .
The collapse of the Holy Roman Empire led to a needlelike declination in technical electrical capacity and cloth culture as the infrastructure that the Romans had installed came to a skinny - total crash . Suddenly , Europeans could no longer trust on the pot production of Roman factory and on Rome ’s complex commerce systems .
Instead , everything became smaller in scale . Pottery was bumpy and homemade . Luxury goods were no longer traded over recollective distances . This is why the Middle Ages were often come to to as the “ Dark Ages ” by sure scholars — it seemed as if everything was in a state of declivity .
Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesMedieval farmers working the fields and sowing seeds.
Hulton Archive / Getty ImagesMedieval James Leonard Farmer work the William Claude Dukenfield and sowing seed .
Basically , start in the 14th century , some Italian scholars catch the history of the world in three distinguishable phase angle : the Classical Age , when the ancient Greeks and Romans were at the height of soundness and power ; the Renaissance , the age in which these bookman lived and thing were broadly on the up and up ; and everything in between , the Middle Ages .
As British historian Janet Nelson explain in theHistory Workshop Journal , these author believe “ theirs was a time of born-again classical culture , they rescued Greek from near - obliviousness , removed erroneous belief from Latin , clear fog from philosophy , crassness from divinity , crudeness from art . ”
Roger Viollet via Getty ImagesThe Iron Maiden of Nuremberg.
Therefore , all of those plaguy years between the Classical Age and the Renaissance were deemed an barbarian , barbaric time in history — and so many torture gadget that were used much subsequently or much earlier became colligate with the Middle Ages .
The First Mention Of The Iron Maiden
AsMedieval Warfaremagazine editor Peter Konieczny save formedievalists.net , many “ chivalric ” torture machine were n’t medieval at all , including the Iron Maiden .
The first mention of the Iron Maiden actually fare from 18th - C writer Johann Philipp Siebenkees , who name the twist in a guidebook to the metropolis of Nuremberg .
In it , he write of a 1515 execution in Nuremberg in which a malefactor was allegedly set in a gadget redolent of a sarcophagus delineate on the inside with sharp spike .
Rischgitz/Getty ImagesA 15th-century tribunal with an accused man being tortured in front of the members of the court in order to extract a confession.
The mankind was shoved into the equipment and execute “ lento , ” Siebenkees publish , “ so that the very knifelike points fathom his arms , and his pegleg in several places , and his stomach and chest , and his vesica and the root of his member , and his eyes , and his berm , and his buttocks , but not enough to kill him , and so he remained cause great rallying cry and lament for two days , after which he expire . ”
Roger Viollet via Getty ImagesThe Iron Maiden of Nuremberg .
But many scholars trust Siebenkees may have invented this story , and that the Iron Maiden did n’t exist before the eighteenth century at all .
The Iron Maiden Myth Spreads
Not long after Siebenkees bring out his account , Iron Maidens begin to appear in museums across Europe and the United States , patch together using various gothic artifacts and scraps and put on presentation for those uncoerced to make up a fee . One even seem in the 1893 World ’s Fair in Chicago .
Perhaps the most noted of these machine was the Iron Maiden of Nuremberg , which was n’t construct until the former 19th century and was later destroyed in a bombing by Allied forces in 1944 . The Iron Maiden of Nuremberg was finally hold a phony , yet some have lay claim that it was used as too soon as the twelfth C .
In one horrifying accounting , an Iron Maiden was found at the internet site of the Iraqi National Olympic committee in Baghdad in 2003.TIMEreported that at one time Uday Hussein , the son of Saddam Hussein , head both the Olympic committee and the country ’s soccer federation , and it ’s believed he may have used the Iron Maiden to rack athletes who did n’t execute well .
Konieczny identified several other overrefinement gadget that have incorrectly been attributed to the Middle Ages . TheBrazen Bull , for example , is often believe to be a medieval innovation , yet its creation can reportedly be delineate to the 6th century B.C.E.
ThePear of Anguishwas similarly associated with the Middle Ages , but disc of twist like it do n’t come along until the mid-19th century . So , too , did The Rack become synonymous with mediaeval times , though it was much more common in ancientness , and only one more recent representative of it can be line to the Tower of London in 1447 .
In reality , torturing in the Middle Ages involved much less complex methods .
What Was Torture In The Middle Ages Really Like?
Most of these myth about torture in the Middle Ages were propagate by people dwell in the 18th and nineteenth centuries , Konieczny explained .
“ You get that idea that people were much more wildcat in the Middle Ages , because they need to see themselves as less savage , ” Konieczny toldLive Science . “It ’s so much easier to pick on people who have been dead for 500 years . ”
In effect , Konieczny believes that people in the 1700s and 1800s overdo a bit when it came to their account of the Middle Ages . In the years since , that magnification has compound , and now many of these eighteenth - C myths are viewed as fact .
For example , the debate has been made in recent long time that the flail , a ball - and - mountain range artillery commonly associated with the medieval era , was n’t used during the Middle Ages at all , despite what most citizenry think .
In fact , the flail was only historically featured in heroic nontextual matter depict antic battles , but it never showed up in any medieval armoury ’s catalog . The flail , much like the Iron Maiden , seems to have become linked to a specific time in story due to the influence of storytelling by late historians .
Rischgitz / Getty ImagesA fifteenth - C tribunal with an accused man being tortured in front of the members of the judicature to extract a confession .
That ’s not to say torture did n’t live during that fourth dimension , however .
“ There was an idea in the Middle Ages that you were really honest when you were under a lot of punishment , under a lot of strain , ” Konieczny read . “ That the truth comes out when it starts to suffer . ”
There were much simpler ways of extracting this information , though — I that did n’t involve a litany of elaborate machine .
“ The more coarse torture was to just kind of bind mass up with roofy , ” Konieczny say .
So , there you have it . There have certainly been death penalty methods used in the past that resembled the Iron Maiden — the musical theme of a loge with spikes within is n’t in particular revolutionary — but the Iron Maiden itself seems to be more fiction than fact .
After reading about the Iron Maiden , learn all aboutThe Rack , the torture machine that stretched out its victim ’s arm until they dislocated . Then , say about theSpanish Donkey , the cruel torture twist that mangled its victim ’s crotch .
